Connecticut's only clinic dedicated to veterinary dermatology
Get to the root cause of your pet's
skin conditions
allergies
itchy skin
ear infections
Get to the root cause of your pet's
skin conditions
allergies
itchy skin
ear infections
Skin conditions and allergies are some of the most common reasons why owners seek veterinary care for their dogs and cats, yet are all too often chronic or difficult to treat. Veterinary dermatologists have specialized training and use specialized tools to diagnose and treat these conditions. As the only clinic dedicated to veterinary dermatology in Connecticut, our mission is to practice the highest level of medicine while working collaboratively with the primary care veterinarians who refer patients to us.
Dr. Falk and Dr. Layne are Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Dermatology (DACVD).
You don't have to scratch alone.
Experience
Dr. Falk and Dr. Layne are experienced board-certified veterinary dermatologists
Trust
Our diagnoses and treatment plans derive from rigorous evidenced-based medicine that you can trust.
Innovation
We offer the latest in veterinary dermatology diagnostics and treatments, such as video otoscopy and laser surgery.
Family
Unleashed Veterinary Dermatology is an independent, family-owned practice.
Learn more
Learn more about veterinary dermatology and how we help dogs and cats throughout Connecticut and beyond.
Reviews
Unleashed Vet and Dr. Layne are absolutely incredible. We drove a few hours to see Dr. Layne and it was the smartest thing we ever did. She is an amazing, caring, brilliant and a life saver. My little girl, Cotton, had a big polyp in her tiny ear that needed to be removed by laser to avoid her from becoming deaf. I literally reached out to 40 veterinarians including hospitals and surgical centers everywhere to get the polyp removed by laser They all wanted to remove the polyp by closing her ear canal and then she’d be deaf in that ear. I then found Dr. Layne online in UTAH and found that she works a few days a month in CT. We traveled to see her and from the minute we met Chelsea at the front desk it was a life changing experience. After the initial exam, she had us wait since we traveled so far and operated on my little girl at 8:00 pm. She removed the polyp and made me the happiest man in the world. I can’t describe how great, caring & passionate Dr. Layne is. My wife, me and especially Cotton are beyond grateful for Dr. Layne. One of a kind.
Dr. Falk was kind, genuine, and extremely thorough. She took extensive amounts of time to examine my doggo as well as explain the treatment plan. She also gave me a few options to pursue. Everyone from the front desk person to the vet tech was outstanding. Her facility is clean and quite nice. I just wish she did general vet services there. But I think my doggo has found his favorite dermatologist! Thanks Dr. Falk and Unleashed Vet Team!
Can’t say enough great things about Unleashed Veterinary Dermatology! Everyone is so nice, very kind and extremely knowledgeable. Dr. Falk is the best and is very thorough. She comes up with treatment plans to target the specific issue(s) bothering your pet. All of the different treatment options are addressed and you never feel pressured to make a decision. Everyone at Unleashed treats your pet like a member of their family. I know my dog is in great hands at Unleashed Veterinary Dermatology, thank you!
Dr. Falk and her staff are very thorough and care about their patients. Both Dr. Falk and her vet tech Danielle took time to explain and make a plan for our dog Winston. I highly recommend this practice for your pets dermatology needs!
Professional staff Friendly environment Doctor takes the time to explain the pets conditions and action plan
Dr. Falk is a highly educated clinical genius. Her staff is top notch.Life changing results in 1 week. Beyond impressed! My 10 year old German Shepherd is on the mend.
You can also visit our Google business profile to read more reviews, leave your own review, or upload a photo of your pet, which will be shared with our community. You can also email your feedback to feedback@unleashedvetderm.com.
Do you need a veterinary dermatologist?
Here are a few signs that you might:
Your pet has allergies. Your pet has chronic, recurring skin infections. Your pet has chronic, recurring ear infections. You would like to get to the root of why your pet itches. Your pet has mysterious hair loss. Your pet has mysterious ulcerative or crusted lesions on the skin of the trunk, face, or feet. Your pet has developed some lumps and bumps on his/her skin that are worrying you. Your pet develops painful interdigital cysts between his/her toes. Your pet’s skin is flaky, crusty, or smelly. You are looking for the best veterinary dermatologist in Connecticut for your dog or cat. Your regular veterinarian has referred you to a dermatologist for further care.
Conditions we treat
Skin and ear infections are some of the most common conditions that a veterinary dermatologist treats. It’s important to understand that most of these infections are caused by organisms that normally live on the skin in low numbers, such as Staphylococcus (the most common bacterial skin pathogen) and Malassezia (the most common skin fungal pathogen). For these organisms to proliferate out of control and cause infection, there is usually an underlying skin disease that changes the condition of the skin and allows them to overgrow. Therefore, our task is to not only treat the infections, but also to identify and treat the underlying cause(s). The most common underlying causes are allergic skin disease and endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, Cushing’s), amongst numerous other less common conditions.
To diagnose an ear or skin infection, we perform skin and ear cytology, where we take samples of the affected areas in the exam room, and we look at the samples under the microscope, allowing us to immediately identify whether these organisms are present. Evaluating for fungal infections may also involve examining the hair follicles under the microscope (trichoscopy) and/or Wood’s lamp examination, where we shine a special light on the pet to check for fluorescence of hair follicles.
If we suspect that the pet may have an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, then we will submit samples for a bacterial culture. This test allows us to both identify the bacteria present and determine what antibiotic will work best to resolve the infection.
If we suspect a dermatophyte (ringworm, a type of fungus) infection, then we will submit samples for fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Bacterial and fungal infections are often cured more rapidly and successfully with topical therapy in addition to oral or injectable antibiotics or antifungals. Therefore, we may also recommend medicated shampoos, sprays, mousses, drops or wipes.
Skin and ear infections are some of the most common conditions that veterinary dermatologists treat. It’s important to understand that most of these infections are caused by organisms that normally live on the skin in low numbers, such as Staphylococcus (the most common bacterial skin pathogen) and Malassezia (the most common skin fungal pathogen). For these organisms to proliferate out of control and cause infection, there is usually an underlying skin disease that changes the condition of the skin and allows them to overgrow. Therefore, our task is to not only treat the infections, but also to identify and treat the underlying cause(s). The most common underlying causes are allergic skin disease and endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, Cushing’s), amongst numerous other less common conditions.
To diagnose an ear or skin infection, we perform skin and ear cytology, where we take samples of the affected areas in the exam room, and we look at the samples under the microscope, allowing us to immediately identify whether these organisms are present. Evaluating for fungal infections may also involve examining the hair follicles under the microscope (trichoscopy) and/or Wood’s lamp examination, where we shine a special light on the pet to check for fluorescence of hair follicles.
If we suspect that the pet may have an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, then we will submit samples for a bacterial culture. This test allows us to both identify the bacteria present and determine what antibiotic will work best to resolve the infection.
If we suspect a dermatophyte (ringworm, a type of fungus) infection, then we will submit samples for fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Bacterial and fungal infections are often cured more rapidly and successfully with topical therapy in addition to oral or injectable antibiotics or antifungals. Therefore, we may also recommend medicated shampoos, sprays, mousses, drops or wipes.
Allergic skin disease is the most common condition that we treat in both dogs and cats.
Allergic skin disease is a clinical diagnosis based on a combination of the patients’ history, clinical exam findings, and ruling out other potential causes of the clinical signs. The most common clinical signs in dogs are itchiness and recurrent skin or ear infections, while cats have 4 major allergy manifestations—eosinophilic granuloma complex, self-induced alopecia, head and neck pruritus (itchiness), and miliary dermatitis.
The three major causes of allergies in both cats and dogs are insect bite hypersensitivity, environmental allergies, and food allergies. Many patients have some component of allergies to all three categories.
An allergy work-up generally consists of:
- Eliminating ectoparasites (fleas, mites) and thereby getting rid of any insect bite hypersensitivity.
- Performing a strict elimination diet trial using a prescription hypoallergenic diet to evaluate for food allergies. Allergy testing for food allergens, regardless of current methodology, is only able to identify what allergens the patient has been exposed to and is not accurate to identify allergens.
- Considering allergy testing for environmental allergies once we have confirmed a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (environmental allergies) based on response to #1 and #2 or if there is a strong seasonal nature to the clinical signs.
Allergy management is generally life-long and multi-factorial. It will often consist of medications to manage symptoms, topical therapy to help restore the skin barrier and prevent infection, and allergen specific interventions, such as allergen avoidance and allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT). ASIT involves giving the patient small, regular doses of their allergens to build tolerance to the allergens.
Endocrine disorders are diseases that result from imbalances of systemic hormones. The most common conditions we treat are hypothyroidism, where the body makes too little thyroid hormone, and Cushing’s disease, where the body makes too much stress hormone (cortisol). Other, less common endocrine disorders are atypical Cushing’s, where the adrenal glands make excess non-cortisol hormones, and sex-hormone related conditions.
Endocrine disorders commonly cause skin and ear infections, because they affect the skin’s immune system. They also often cause non-inflammatory hairloss, where the skin in the areas of hairloss isn’t itchy or inflamed. Because these hormones affect the entire patient, they often come with clinical signs affecting other organ systems, such as weight gain, change in appetite or thirst, and changes to urination, or infections elsewhere in the body, such as urinary tract infections.
Endocrine disorders are diagnosed via a combination of different blood tests and skin biopsies. Treatment involves normalizing the imbalanced hormones.
Hair loss must be broken down into 2 categories, inflammatory alopecia (the skin is red and inflamed and likely itchy) and non-inflammatory alopecia (the skin is not red or itchy).
Inflammatory alopecia is most generally caused by an infection, allergies, or ectoparasites, whereas non-inflammatory alopecia is often caused by endocrine disorders, hair cycle arrest (where the hair follicles stop cycling), follicular dysplasias (malformed hair follicles), amongst others.
Inflammatory alopecia can generally be evaluated by in-house diagnostics, such as skin surface cytology to check for infection and skin scrapings to check for parasites.
Non-inflammatory alopecia usually requires a combination of blood testing to evaluate for endocrine disorders and skin biopsies to evaluate the hair follicles inside the skin itself.
Treatment depends upon the underlying cause of the alopecia. For example, for cyclic flank alopecia, a form of hair follicle arrest that may be related to day length, a melatonin implant may be helpful. For Alopecia X, dermal microabrasion using a Dermaroller can be effective. For Alopecia Areata, an immune-mediated condition where the immune system attacks the hair follicles, treatment involves immunomodulatory medication (medications that suppress or reduce the immune system).
Skin parasites are very common in the Northeastern US. In addition to the usual fleas and ticks, Sarcoptic mange, caused by microscopic scabies mites, is endemic in the fox population of Connecticut and New York. Patients with sarcoptic mange are insanely itchy. Many have crusting on the margins of the ear flaps and outsides of their limbs.
Itchy creepy crawlies are evaluated for via combing, plucking, and scraping the affected areas. These critters are generally detected in the exam room, though there is a blood test that evaluates for antibodies to sarcoptic mange that can be helpful.
Treatment involves the appropriate ectoparasiticide, as well as appropriate environmental decontamination and treating in-contact pets. It must be noted that some of these conditions can be zoonotic (potentially transmitted to in-contact humans).
The most common forms of skin tumors seen in dogs and cats are benign. Many are benign tumors of the glands of the skin (sebaceous adenoma-complex masses) or hair follicles (follicular cysts or follicular tumors). Other generally benign skin tumors include plasmacytomas, melanocytomas, and histiocytomas. However, there are skin tumors that are cancerous/can metastasize or spread, such as mast cell tumors, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Bowen’s disease. Then, there is a form of widespread skin cancer called cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma, which is a very aggressive form of skin cancer that can appear all over the entire body. Tumors inside ear canals may initially present as recurrent ear infections that only affect one ear, especially in older dogs and cats.
There are 2 main types of diagnostics used to evaluate skin tumors:
- Fine needle aspiration and cytology: This is where we take a sample of the lesion using a needle. We suck back/aspirate cells, spread them on a slide, and send them to a pathologist, who attempts to identify what the tumor is based on what cells are present. This is a very minimally invasive, well-tolerated procedure, but sometimes the pathologist cannot give us an answer—either because the tumor-type doesn’t shed cells easily/holds on tightly to its cells, or because the pathologist needs to see the cells in an organized structure to make the diagnosis.
- Biopsy allows the pathologist to see the cells in that organized structure. Biopsy involves either removing the nodule/lesion or a piece of the lesion and evaluating slices of the tumor under the microscope. Special stains or immunohistiochemistry may be needed to further identify exactly what type of tumor it is. Biopsy requires local anesthesia (lidocaine); depending on the location and the dog or cat’s disposition, it may require sedation or even general anesthesia. However, despite these inconveniences, biopsy almost always gives us an answer as to the identity of the tumor and therefore the patient’s prognosis and treatment options.
These are skin diseases caused by the immune system, either via the immune system attacking the skin itself, the immune system indirectly damaging the skin, or inappropriate inflammation of the skin with no identifiable target. Almost always, these types of diseases must be diagnosed via skin biopsies.
The most common immune-mediated diseases we treat include:
- Pemphigus foliaceus, a condition where there is an auto-immune attack on the connections between the skin cells, causing the skin cells to detach from each other. This leads to the formation of fragile pustules, which rapidly coalesce into crusts. This condition classically affects the nasal planum (black part of the nose), extending onto the haired muzzle (bridge of the nose), around the eyes, undersides of the ear flaps, and the foot pads. In cats, favorite areas for this disease to attack, in addition to the face, are the toenails and around the nipples. Many patients have generalized versions of pemphigus, where their entire bodies are affected. The patients can act sick or be insanely itchy. These patients need powerful immunosuppressive treatment, often life-long. This is generally our most common severe auto-immune skin disease that we treat.
- Discoid lupus erythematosus. In its most common version, this condition causes loss of cobblestone architecture, depigmentation, and crusting of the nasal planum, and almost exclusively involves dogs. The skin around the eyes and lips can also be affected. Rarer versions involve the entire body, but it is limited to the skin and does not involve the internal organs. It is exacerbated by UV light exposure. It is treated by topical or oral immunomodulatory medication and UV avoidance.
- Sebaceous adenitis. This is a disease where the immune system destroys the sebaceous glands of the skin. These glands are important for maintaining healthy hair follicles and preventing skin infections, so these patients are often bald, scaly, and have secondary infections. They may or may not be itchy. This condition can affect any breed, but there are strong genetic predispositions in certain breeds, particularly Poodles and Doodles, Havanese, Vizslas, and Akitas. Treatment is a combination of topical therapy, essential oils, and immunomodulatory treatment.
- Sterile nodular panniculitis. This is an immune-mediated condition where the fat becomes inflamed. This causes painful subcutaneous nodules that eventually rupture and drain. The condition often comes on acutely, with the patients feeling sick, febrile, and extremely painful. It is treated with immune-suppressive medication. This condition can have known triggers (pancreatitis, subcutaneous injections) or be idiopathic (no known cause).
- Juvenile cellulitis/puppy strangles. This is a disease mostly seen in puppies or juvenile dogs, where they develop subcutaneous swellings, swollen lymph nodes and eyelids, which then crust and drain. This condition is likely caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and some immunogenic trigger, such as vaccination. It is treated with immunosuppressive therapy. It is generally transient and does not need life-long therapy; the puppies go on to live normal lives.
- Symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO). This is an immune-mediated condition limited to the toenails, where all nails of all feet are fragile, brittle, and misshapen. This condition is generally diagnosed based on clinical impression, as biopsy requires amputating a digit. It is treated with immunomodulatory therapy, fish oils, biotin, and therapies to help increase blood flow to the nail beds.
- Vasculitis means inflammation of the blood vessels. When the blood vessels are inflamed, there is decreased blood flow and decreased oxygen delivery, leading to damage or even death of the dependent tissue. Vasculitis can be limited to the ears (ear margin vasculitis or proliferate thrombovascular necrosis of the pinnae) or affect other areas on the body, such as the tail tip, nail beds, pawpads and areas of wear and tear such as the skin over joints. The affected areas often lose hair and tissue. Vasculitis is often caused by conditions that lead to the buildup of excessive immune complexes in the blood. Immune complexes are formed by an antibody binding to an antigen. Common causes of excessive immune complexes include tick borne disease and vaccinations. Vaccine-associated vasculitis may lead to recommendations to avoid certain vaccinations in the future. Treatment for vasculitis involves increasing blood flow through damaged tissue and decreasing the inflammation of that tissue through immunomodulatory treatment.
- Perianal fistulas and metatarsal fistulas. Perianal fistulas involve painful draining fistulous tracts around the anus, while metatarsal fistulas are draining tract and ulcerative lesions on the back of the hind legs, immediately above the paw. Both conditions are much, much more common in German Shepherds than other breeds but can be seen in any breed. Treatment involves immunomodulatory therapy, either orally or topically (or both).
- Cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Skin eruptions/rashes can be seen as immune-mediated adverse reactions to drugs. Drugs commonly implicated include various antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications, amongst others. Treatment involves drug removal and immunomodulatory treatment to control the immune response.
These skin diseases are caused by or can be treated with nutrition. They are generally diagnosed via skin biopsies.
- Zinc responsive dermatosis type I: Nordic breeds, such as Siberian huskies, Malamutes, and Samoyeds, amongst others, are predisposed. It is thought that they have a genetic condition that decreases dietary zinc absorption. These patients develop symmetric crusting around the lips, eyes, over the limbs, and on the footpads, though it can be quite generalized. It can also be very itchy. This condition is treated with zinc supplementation.
- Zinc responsive dermatosis type II: This condition is seen in rapidly growing juvenile large or giant breed dogs, such as Doberman pinschers, German Shepherds, Labrador retrievers, and Great Danes. These puppies develop crusting on the face and limbs. Correcting the diet to eliminate zinc-binding foods and supplementing with zinc usually resolves this condition.
- Hepatocutaneous syndrome or superficial necrolytic dermatosis (SND): This condition usually is secondary to severe liver disease, where the skin becomes depleted of essential amino acids secondary to the liver’s inability to process them. This leads to severe crusting of the mucosa and foot pads, as well as other areas on the skin. The liver has a classic honeycomb appearance on ultrasound, and the biopsy findings are distinctive. Treatment involves infusions of the missing amino acids, as well as nutritional support.
Give us a call if you’re unsure whether you need an appointment, and our office will advise you.
Giving Back
Unleashed Veterinary Dermatology partners with The Veterinary Care Foundation to help less fortunate pets that need veterinary care. Our clinic’s charitable activities also include our scholarship for veterinary students and support for police dogs, such as Stratford’s own pictured here in our clinic with Officer Wright of the Stratford police department. For any clients and benefactors interested in making their own donation, the Veterinary Care Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization accepting tax-deductible donations.